(๑) Williams, Beryl (1 December 1994). "The concept of the first Duma: Russia 1905–1906". Parliaments, Estates and Representation. 14 (2): 149–158. doi:10.1080/02606755.1994.9525857
(๒)Geoffrey Swain (2014). Trotsky and the Russian Revolution. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 9781317812784. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. The first government to be formed after the February Revolution of 1917 had, with one exception, been composed of liberals.
(๓) Brian Catchpole, A Map History of Russia (1974) pp 8–31; Martin Gilbert, Atlas of Russian history (1993) pp 33–74.